Pain in the back of your head may result from various causes, including migraine or issues with your neck, spine, or posture. You may relieve or prevent the pain with lifestyle changes, alternative remedies, and medications.
Headaches can range from annoying to disruptive in severity. You may feel them in a specific spot or all over your head. Headaches that involve pain in the back of the head may have a number of different causes. Identifying additional symptoms may help with diagnosis.
Understanding pain in the back of the head
What causes pain in the back of the head?
The types of pain, location, and other symptoms you’re feeling can help a healthcare professional diagnose what’s causing your headache and how to treat it.
Pain in the neck and back of the head
Occipital neuralgia
Occipital neuralgia is a condition that occurs when the nerves that run from your spinal cord to your scalp are inflamed. It’s often present in people with migraine.
Occipital neuralgia is a condition that causes sharp, aching, throbbing pain that starts at the base of the head in your neck and moves toward your scalp.
Other symptoms may include:
- Pain and pressure behind your eyes
- Sharp stabbing sensations that feel like an electric shock in your neck and back of your head
- Sensitivity to light
- Tender scalp
- Pain when moving your neck
Posture
Inadequate posture may also cause pain in the back of your head and neck.
Positioning your body in certain ways may create tension in your back, shoulders, and neck. That tension may cause your muscles to contract and cause a headache.
Headaches that are related to your posture may feel like a dull, throbbing pain at the base of your skull.
Cervicogenic headache
Herniated discs in your cervical spine (neck) can cause pain and tension in this area. This can cause a type of headache called a cervicogenic headache.
The pain associated with cervicogenic headaches typically originates in the back of your head. It typically stays in that area but may also be felt in your temples or behind the eyes.
Other symptoms may include discomfort in the shoulders or upper arms.
Cervicogenic headaches may intensify when you’re lying down. Some people will actually wake up because the pain disrupts their sleep. When lying down, you may also feel a pressure on the top of your head like a weight.
Low-pressure headache
Low-pressure headache is caused by low spinal fluid pressure in the brain. This occurs when spinal fluid leaks from the spine. This is also often called intracranial hypotension.
Intracranial hypotension can occur spontaneously or as a result following a spinal tap or other procedure in which fluid leaks from the spine.
Intracranial hypertension (high pressure) may also lead to headaches.
Pain in the right side and back of the head
Tension headaches
Tension headaches are the most common cause of pain. These headaches often occur in the back and right side of your head, although it’s also common to feel like a band is encircling the head, causing pain on both sides.
Tension headaches may include a tightness on the neck or scalp. They may feel like a dull, tight constricting pain that isn’t throbbing.
Pain in the back of the head when lying down
Cluster headaches
Cluster headaches are rare but can be extremely painful. They get their name from the “cluster periods” in which they occur.
People with cluster headaches experience frequent attacks. These periods or patterns of attack may last weeks or months and then subside for a while.
Cluster headaches may cause pain in the back of the head or the sides of the head. They may get worse when lying down. Other symptoms to watch for include:
- Sharp, penetrating, burning pain
- Restlessness
- Nausea
- Excessive tearing (watery eyes)
- Stuffy nose
- Drooping eyelid
- Sensitivity to light and sound
Pain in other parts of the head, including the back
Migraine condition
For someone who experiences a migraine condition, headaches can appear in any location. They can be on one side of the head only or switch sides, but some people experience them on the left and back side of the head only.
Migraine conditions can cause:
- Severe, throbbing, pulsating pain
- Auras (various sensory perceptions)
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Watering eyes
- Light or sound sensitivity
Migraine headaches may start on the left side of the head, and then move around the temple to the back of the head
How is pain in the back of the head treated?
Most headaches may be reduced with over-the-counter (OTC) pain relief medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol). Some medications, like Extra-Strength Tylenol, can help if you have chronic headaches.
Recurrent or persistent headaches often merit a visit to a healthcare professional. Treatment is most effective when it’s based on the exact cause of your headache, and OTC pain relievers shouldn’t be taken long term.
Headaches related to posture
Headaches caused by inadequate posture can be treated immediately with acetaminophen. In the long term, you can treat or try to prevent these headaches by improving your posture. Purchasing an ergonomic work chair with good lumbar support may help, as well as sitting with both feet on the ground.
Headaches caused by herniated discs
Treatment for herniated discs may include physical therapy, gentle stretching, chiropractic adjustments, epidural injections for inflammation, and surgery if needed. Management depends on the cause and severity of the herniated disc.
Occipital neuralgia
Occipital neuralgia may be treated through a combination of ice and heat therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), physical therapy, massage, and prescription muscle relaxers.
In severe cases, a healthcare professional may inject a local anesthetic into the occipital area for immediate relief. This treatment option can last up to 12 weeks.
Tension headaches
Tension headaches are typically treated with OTC pain relievers. A healthcare professional may prescribe medications for severe, chronic tension headaches. They may also prescribe preventive medications like antidepressants or muscle relaxants to reduce the chance of headaches occurring in the future.
Migraine
For migraine, a healthcare professional may prescribe a preventive medication, like a beta-blocker, and an immediate pain-relief medication.
Some OTC medications are designed specifically for treating migraine. These may work for mild migraine attacks, but not severe ones. A healthcare professional may also help you discover what triggers your migraine attacks so that you can avoid these stimuli.
Cluster headaches
Treatment for cluster headaches focuses on shortening the headache period, reducing the severity of attacks, and preventing further episodes.
Short-term treatment may include:
- Triptans, which are also used to treat migraine and can be injected for fast relief
- Anti-inflammatory medications, like steroids
- Local anesthetic injection
- Preventive medications such as topiramate, verapamil, lithium, and galcanezumab
Preventive methods may include:
- Calcium channel blockers
- Melatonin
- Nerve blockers
When to see a healthcare professional
Consider making an appointment with a healthcare professional if:
- You experience headaches that last for more than a few days at a time
- Your headaches interfere with your usual activities
- The pain is accompanied by tenderness near your temple
- You notice any changes in headache patterns
If you develop a severe headache that’s worse than you’ve ever had, or if your headaches become progressively worse, prompt medical care is advised.
If you experience headaches alongside any of the following symptoms, emergency medical attention is essential:
- Sudden changes in your personality, including uncharacteristic shifts in mood or agitation
- Fever, stiff neck, confusion, and decreased alertness to the point where you cannot focus on a conversation
- Visual disturbances, slurred speech, weakness (including weakness on one side of the face), and numbness anywhere in the body
- Severe headaches following a blow to the head
- Headaches that come on abruptly, especially if they’ve woken you up
Acupuncture for Pain in the Back of the Head in Tokyo
Pain in the back of the head can disrupt daily life, whether it’s a nagging discomfort or a more intense sensation that demands attention. While conventional treatments like pain relievers or physical therapy are often effective, many people are exploring acupuncture as a holistic alternative to manage this type of pain. Rooted in traditional Oriental medicine (TOM), acupuncture offers a non-invasive approach that may address both the pain itself and its underlying causes. This article delves into how acupuncture can help with pain in the back of the head, the mechanisms behind its effects, supporting research, what to expect from treatment, and how to integrate it into a broader pain management plan.
How Acupuncture May Help with Pain in the Back of the Head
Acupuncture involves the insertion of fine, sterile needles into specific points on the body, known as acupoints, to restore balance and promote healing. In TOM, pain is often seen as a blockage or imbalance in the flow of energy along meridians, the body’s energy pathways. For pain in the back of the head, acupuncturists may focus on meridians related to the head, neck, and upper back, such as the Gallbladder or Bladder meridians, which traverse these areas.
The goal is to alleviate pain by addressing both local and systemic factors. For example, if the pain stems from muscle tension in the neck, acupuncture may target acupoints to relax those muscles while also addressing stress or postural habits that contribute to the discomfort. If the pain is linked to other factors—like hormonal changes or poor circulation—the treatment plan may include points to regulate those systems. This individualized approach makes acupuncture adaptable to the diverse causes of head pain, whether it’s tension-related, neurological, or tied to lifestyle factors.
Beyond pain relief, acupuncture often promotes relaxation and overall well-being, which can be especially valuable for those whose head pain is exacerbated by stress or fatigue. Its minimal side effects and focus on the whole person make it an appealing option for those seeking alternatives to medications or invasive procedures.
Potential Mechanisms Behind Acupuncture’s Effects
While TOM frames acupuncture in terms of energy flow, modern science provides insights into how it may relieve pain in the back of the head. Several physiological mechanisms are thought to play a role:
- Endorphin Release
Acupuncture stimulates the nervous system, triggering the release of endorphins and enkephalins, the body’s natural painkillers. These chemicals can reduce the perception of pain in the head and neck, creating a sense of relief. - Muscle Relaxation
Pain in the back of the head often involves tight muscles in the neck or shoulders, such as the trapezius or suboccipital muscles. Acupuncture may deactivate trigger points and improve blood flow to these areas, easing tension and discomfort. - Nervous System Regulation
Acupuncture influences the autonomic nervous system, balancing the sympathetic (“fight or flight”) and parasympathetic (“rest and digest”) responses. This can lower stress levels, which often amplify head pain, and promote a calmer state that supports healing. - Improved Circulation
By enhancing blood flow to the scalp, neck, and brain, acupuncture may reduce inflammation or ischemia (restricted blood flow) that contributes to pain. Better circulation also delivers oxygen and nutrients to affected tissues, aiding recovery. - Modulation of Pain Pathways
Acupuncture may affect the brain’s pain-processing centers, such as the thalamus or cortex, altering how pain signals are interpreted. This “gate control” mechanism can diminish the intensity of head pain over time.
These mechanisms suggest acupuncture addresses both the symptoms and root causes of pain, offering a multifaceted approach that aligns with both TOM and Western medical perspectives.
What Does the Research Say?
Research on acupuncture for pain in the back of the head specifically is limited, as studies tend to focus on broader categories like tension headaches, migraines, or neck pain. However, evidence from related conditions provides a strong foundation for its potential benefits.
A 2016 meta-analysis in The Journal of Pain found that acupuncture was effective for chronic headache disorders, including tension-type headaches, which often involve discomfort in the back of the head. Participants receiving acupuncture reported significant pain reduction compared to sham acupuncture or standard care. Similarly, a 2020 study in Pain Medicine showed acupuncture reduced neck pain and associated headaches by improving muscle flexibility and reducing stress hormones like cortisol.
For occipital neuralgia—a condition causing sharp pain in the back of the head due to nerve irritation—small clinical trials, such as one published in Acupuncture in Medicine in 2019, suggest acupuncture may decrease nerve sensitivity and improve quality of life. While these studies don’t focus exclusively on non-neurological head pain, their findings are relevant, as muscle tension and stress often overlap with various causes of discomfort in this area.
Anecdotal reports also highlight acupuncture’s value. Many patients describe fewer pain episodes, less reliance on painkillers, and better stress management after treatment. While more targeted research is needed, the existing data and patient experiences make acupuncture a compelling option for managing pain in the back of the head.
What to Expect from Acupuncture Treatment
If you’re considering acupuncture for pain in the back of the head, knowing what to expect can ease any apprehension. Here’s a typical treatment journey:
- Initial Assessment: The acupuncturist will ask about your pain patterns, lifestyle, stress levels, sleep habits, and overall health. In TOM, they may check your pulse or tongue to gauge energy imbalances. This helps them design a personalized plan.
- Acupoint Selection: Common points for head pain include GB20 (Fengchi, at the base of the skull), BL10 (Tianzhu, near the upper neck), and LI4 (Hegu, on the hand, which influences head and neck pain). Distal points on the arms or legs may also be used to address systemic factors.
- The Session: You’ll rest comfortably, often lying down, as the practitioner inserts needles. The sensation is usually minimal—a slight pinch or warmth. Needles stay in place for 15–30 minutes, during which many feel relaxed or even drowsy.
- Treatment Schedule: Acute pain may require 1–2 sessions per week for a few weeks, while chronic pain might need 6–12 sessions or ongoing maintenance. Your acupuncturist will adjust based on your response.
- Progress Tracking: Regular check-ins ensure the treatment evolves with your needs. You might be asked to note changes in pain frequency or intensity.
Choose a licensed acupuncturist certified by a reputable organization, like the NCCAOM in the U.S., to ensure safety and expertise. Ask about their experience with head or neck pain for added confidence.
Practical Considerations and Safety
Acupuncture is low-risk when performed by a qualified practitioner, with adverse effects like minor bruising or tiredness occurring in less than 2% of cases. Key considerations include:
- Time: Each session lasts 45–60 minutes, and consistent treatments yield the best results. Plan accordingly if you have a busy schedule.
- Safety: Avoid acupuncture if you have a bleeding disorder or are on blood thinners without medical clearance. Inform your practitioner about medications or conditions like pregnancy.
- Realistic Goals: Some feel relief after one session, but chronic pain often improves gradually. Discuss progress openly to optimize outcomes.
If other symptoms accompany your pain (e.g., vision changes or dizziness), consult a doctor to rule out serious causes before starting acupuncture.
Integrating Acupuncture with Other Approaches
Acupuncture shines as part of a holistic pain management plan. Pairing it with complementary strategies can enhance relief:
- Posture and Movement: Poor posture often contributes to head pain. Gentle neck stretches, yoga, or physical therapy can prevent tension buildup.
- Stress Management: Mindfulness, meditation, or breathing exercises reduce stress, complementing acupuncture’s calming effects.
- Hydration and Nutrition: Dehydration or dietary triggers (e.g., caffeine) can worsen head pain. A balanced diet and adequate water intake support overall health.
- Massage or Heat: Neck massages or warm compresses can relax muscles, amplifying acupuncture’s benefits.
- Medical Evaluation: If pain persists, see a healthcare provider to check for conditions like cervical spondylosis or neuralgia. Acupuncture can often be used alongside medical treatments.
Keeping a pain journal—noting triggers, intensity, and relief methods—helps you and your acupuncturist refine your approach.
Conclusion
Acupuncture offers a gentle, personalized way to address pain in the back of the head, blending ancient wisdom with modern insights. Its ability to ease tension, boost circulation, and promote relaxation makes it a valuable tool, especially for those seeking drug-free or holistic options. While research continues to grow, the combination of scientific support and positive patient outcomes underscores its potential.
If you’re intrigued, reach out to a licensed acupuncturist to explore how this therapy fits your needs. Whether used alone or with other methods, acupuncture can empower you to find relief and reclaim comfort in your daily life. With patience and the right care, you may discover a path to less pain and more ease.
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- Address: 132-0031 Matsushima 1-chome, 21-14, Tokyo, Japan
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